Pg481+6-15

6) Paleoclimatologists use ice cores, tree trunks, fossils, and the sediment from the bottom of a river. 7) The type plant life, soil, geography, and climate. 8) The main difference is that during El Nino years warm waters in the western Pacific move eastward preventing cold water from upwelling, whereas during La Nina years winds push warm Pacific waters farther west, toward Asia. This brings cool winters whereas during El Nino years it bring warmer winters. 9) a) British Columbia would be too hot too be inhabited. b) British Columbia would be too cold to be inhabited. 10) As the wobble changes, climate changes become more and more extreme. 11) If the continents were all one land mass, the interiors would be very dry and hot. There would also be very warm summer temperatures and very warm winter temperatures. The regions by the waters would be very moonsonal. 12) We would have lower temperatures because as meteorites enter earth's atmosphere, they leave a trail of dust. Light and heat, when it's radiated from the sun, reflect off of these particles and go back out to space. 13) If Earth's orbit is oval, there are times when Earth is farther away from the sun. So, when Earth is further away light is weaker than it is if the Earth's orbit was a perfect circle. 14) This would suggest Ice traps CO2. 15) a)  The season in the region indicated is winter. The hemisphere that is tilted away from the sun experiences winter.  b)  The angle of incidence would be 0º at point B. The angle is 0º because it is a straight line and in direct contact with the sun's rays.  c)  Point B receives the most solar radiation because it's angle of incidence is the smallest. It receives the most concentrated solar radiation.  d)  B and C have similar climates because their angle of incidence is similar. They may have different time zones but they both receive similar amounts of solar radiation. They both lie on the equator so therefore their climates are hot.